01 · L·05
ACL injuries
The anterior cruciate ligament is often torn during pivoting, cutting or landing in sport.
Common signs
- A pop and swelling after a twisting injury
- The knee gives way
- Difficulty pivoting or changing direction
Treatment options
L·05Lower limb
Knee pain & conditions
Knee pain may result from sports injuries, meniscus or ligament damage, cartilage problems, arthritis or other conditions affecting movement and stability.
01Common conditions
Common knee conditions
The most frequent causes of knee problems, how they usually show up and the treatment options that may be considered after assessment.
02 · L·05
Meniscus tears
The menisci cushion the knee. They can tear with a twisting injury or wear with age.
Common signs
- Pain on the inner or outer joint line
- Locking or catching
- Swelling after activity
Treatment options
03 · L·05
Cartilage injuries
Damage to the smooth joint surface after an injury or overload can cause pain and swelling.
Common signs
- Pain with activity
- Swelling
- Catching
Treatment options
04 · L·05
Knee arthritis
Gradual loss of cartilage leads to pain, stiffness and difficulty walking.
Common signs
- Pain with walking and stairs
- Morning stiffness
- Bow legs or knock knees developing
Treatment options
05 · L·05
Patellofemoral pain
Pain around or behind the kneecap, often linked to load, alignment and muscle balance.
Common signs
- Pain on stairs, squatting or after sitting
- Grinding under the kneecap
- The kneecap feels unstable
Treatment options
02When to see a specialist
Signs it is time for an assessment
- Pain that lasts more than a few weeks or keeps coming back
- Swelling, locking, catching or giving way
- Weakness, numbness or tingling
- Pain that wakes you at night or limits daily activities
- Pain after an injury, especially if it is hard to bear weight or use the limb
Urgent care: a severe injury, an obvious deformity, being unable to bear weight, or a hot, red, swollen joint with fever needs urgent medical attention.
03Our approach
Surgery isn’t always the first answer.
- 01UnderstandExamination, a review of your imaging and a clear explanation of what is causing the problem.
- 02Conservative careRehabilitation, activity modification and non-surgical approaches when clinically appropriate.
- 03Targeted treatmentInjections, minimally invasive options and modern techniques selected according to the diagnosis.
- 04Surgery when it helpsSurgical treatment is considered when it offers a clear and meaningful benefit for the patient.
04Other areas
Explore other areas
Upper limbShoulder5 common conditionsUpper limbElbow4 common conditionsUpper limbWrist & hand4 common conditionsLower limbHip4 common conditionsLower limbAnkle & foot5 common conditionsSports medicineSports injuries5 common conditionsOrthopedic traumaFractures & traumaFractures, trauma & reconstruction
Next stepBook an assessment
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This page is general information to help you understand common orthopedic conditions. It does not replace a medical consultation, and your diagnosis and treatment options are always discussed individually.